Prewriting Strategies Essay Example for Free

Prewriting Strategies Essay 1. In academic writing, assignments may require students to present the results of their research without including their personal opinion. By avoiding first- and second- person pronouns, and writing in the third person will help one doing so. The use of first- and second- person also gives the writing an informal feel. When writing academically, the writer should always be formal. 2. www.jackiekcooper.com/MovieReviews/Limitless.html a.In this movie, Jackie Cooper has the starring role and holds his own even in scenes with the legendary star Robert De Niro. In this sentence the adjective legendary describes Robert De Niro. b.In the film Cooper plays Eddie Morra, a down-on-his-luck aspiring writer. The adjective describes the writer as being aspiring. c.His girlfriend Lindy is fed up with his shiftless ways and breaks up with him. The adjective describes his ways as shiftless. d.When he takes the pill, his life becomes much clearer. The adjective describes life as clearer. e.It is not a great role and De Niro is only adequate in it. The adverb describes how De Niro acted in the role. f.It is not a great role and De Niro is only adequate in it. The adjective describes the role as not great. g.In â€Å"Limitless† the story centers totally on his character and he rises to the occasion to give the role his all. The adverb describes how the story centers on his character. h.Eddie may be riding high for a while but there is always that possibility of him falling down or being brought down. The adverb describes how Eddie is riding. Over all, the critic used the adjectives and adverbs in a very descriptive and effective way. 3. This class has already taught us that although we may have the imagination to write, we have much more to learn about proper academic writing mechanics. The most important lesson we have learned is to proofread carefully. When we first started our studies at the University of Phoenix, we were not aware of the significant difference between academic writing and casual writing. The difference between academic writing and casual writing is becoming clearer to us. The difference between the two is clearest when we receive instructor feedback. We will continue to pay closer attention to details in our writing. This is the way that we will change our focus in the future and also the way we will come closest to achieving our goals. 4. There are three key parts of a paragraph; the topic sentence or introductions, the body of the paragraph or supporting information, and the conclusion that summarizes the content of the paragraph. 5. It is important that the topic sentence and supporting points within that paragraph be directly related or else the writer’s message will be lost, and the reader will be confused. The writing will not flow smoothly, and the reader will be forced to work at trying to figure out exactly what they are reading. Unless the topic sentence and supporting paragraphs do not connect or relate, the reader will be left confused. In the end, the reader may dismiss the frustrating writing altogether. 6. An evaluation is the writer’s informed judgment about a reading. The author did a great job summarizing and tying in what they have learned from the reading. The author was able to relate to the topic by adding an experience he or she conducted to the material. One thing the author could have done better was to point out why he or she thought it was a good overview.

Decibel Portfolio Essay -- essays research papers

The intensity I of a sound wave is measured in watts per metre squared ( ). The lowest intensity that the average human ear can detect, i.e. the threshold of hearing, is denoted by , where . The loudness of sound, i.e. its intensity level , is measured in decibels (dB), where . From this function a specific relationship between and can be drawn that holds true for any increase in intensity. By knowing the value of beta ( ), the value of can be found via manipulation of the logarithmic function, and by knowing the value of beta can by found by just taking the log of and multiplying it by ten. The intensity level of ordinary conversation is 65 dB. In order to find the intensity of normal conversation on must set beta to 65 dB and to . Afterwards, via using the division property of equality one joins like terms. Once the logarithm is alone, one can apply the properties of logarithms and separate the logarithm into two logarithms. The quotient rule for logarithms is applied to this equation, , where and . By the definition of the logarithmic function, if and only if , one knows that in order to cancel out the logarithm one must exponentiate the log to ten. When one does this one must also keep in mind that equality must be kept on both sides of the equation, so the -5.5 becomes the exponent of ten. After doing this, one knows that . dB . If one wanted to find the intensity of the sound inside and automobile travelling at that has an intensity level of 75 dB one would follow the same procedure mentioned previously to find intensity. In addition to this method one can use a graphing calculator in order to make the finding of I simpler. By following the procedure one can use a Ti-82 graphing calculator to find the intensity I of a sound by knowing the intensity level b. The function used is just all the steps followed above summarized into one function.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Enter   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ENTER By the use of the calculator, one finds the correct response in a quicker fashion than by working the problem out. However, in order to prove that the answer provided by the calculator is correct one should always work out the problem by hand. dB  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Source of Sound  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Intensity Level (dB)  ... ...even though the has changed, if the intensity level increases by ten units, then the intensity increases ten times. When me and my dog cross a busy street the noise does not seem equally loud to both of us. This because the dog has a higher threshold of hearing than me. This is explained best by the fact that the graph for the intensity level in terms of intensity for dogs is translated ten units up from the one for humans. The vertical translation signifies that for any given intensity, the intensity level is ten dB more for dogs than for humans. Knowing the relationship between intensity I and the intensity level b is very important to understanding how all beings hear. By understand the relationship, we know that the threshold of something’s hearing is what affects loudness with which it hears the sound. Furthermore, by understanding the relationship we know that the curve for the relationship will always have the same shape, but the only difference will be that for different thresholds, it will be translated along the Y-axis. Throughout this project, it was researched how to use properties of logarithms in order to assist one in finding intensity by knowing intensity level,

Economy Exam Questions Essay

1. The Prisoner’s Dilemma involves two spies who are held in separate soundproof rooms. But even if the two spies could communicate, what makes it difficult for them to achieve the cooperative solution (both not confessing)? 2. A key to analyzing subgame perfect equilibrium strategy in sequential games is 3. In making promises that are not guaranteed by third parties and in imposing penalties that are not enforced by third parties, all of the following are credibility-enhancing mechanisms except 4. The starting point of many methods for predicting equilibrium strategy in sequential games is 5. Credible promises and hostage mechanisms can support a continuous stream of cooperative exchanges except when 6. Firms that have a cover charge for their customers and charge for each item they purchase as well are exhibiting 7. Third-degree price discrimination exists whenever 8. To maximize profits, a monopolist that engages in price discrimination must allocate output in such a way as to make identical the ____ in all markets. 9. Vacation tours to Europe invariably package visits to disparate regions: cities, mountains, and the seaside. Bundling, a type of second degree price discrimination, is most profitable when 10. ____ is a new product pricing strategy which results in a high initial product price. This price is reduced over time as demand at the higher price is satisfied 11. Contracts are distinguished from tactical alliances by which of the following characteristics: 12. When someone contracts to do a task but fails to put full effort into the performance of an agreement, yet the lack of effort is not independently verifiable, this lack of effort constitutes a 13. When borrowers who do not intend to repay are able to hide their bad credit histories, a lender’s well-intentioned borrowers should 14. To accomplish its purpose a linear profit-sharing contract must 15. When retail bicycle dealers advertise and perform warranty repairs but do not deliver the personal selling message that Schwinn has designed as part of the marketing plan but cannot observe at less than prohibitive cost, the manufacturer has encountered a problem of ____. 16. The lower the barriers to entry and exit, the more nearly a market structure fits the ____ market model. 17. ____ yields the same results as the theory of perfect competition, but requires substantially fewer assumptions than the perfectly competitive model 18. ____ occurs whenever a third party receives or bears costs arising from an economic transaction in which the individual (or group) is not a direct participant. 19. The antitrust laws regulate all of the following business decisions except ____. 20. The sentiment for increased deregulation in the late 1970’s and early  1980’s has been felt most significantly in the price regulation of 21. The ____ depicts the risk-return relationship in the market for all securities: 22. If the acceptance of Project A makes it impossible to accept Project B, these projects are: 23. Capital expenditures: 24. The decision by the Municipal Transit Authority to either refurbish existing buses, buy new large buses, or to supplement the existing fleet with mini-buses is an example of: 25. Which of the following items is (are) not considered as part of the net investment calculation? 1. In the linear breakeven model, the difference between selling price per unit and variable cost per unit is referred to as: 2. Evidence from empirical studies of long-run cost-output relationships lends support to the: 3. Theoretically, in a long-run cost function: 4. In a study of banking by asset size over time, we can find which asset sizes are tending to become more prominent. The size that is becoming more predominant is presumed to be least cost. This is called: 5. A ____ total cost function implies that marginal costs ____ as output is increased. 6. In the linear breakeven model, the breakeven sales volume (in dollars) can be found by multiplying the breakeven sales volume (in units) by: 7. Long distance telephone service has become a competitive market. The average cost per call is $0.05 a minute, and it’s declining. The likely reason for the declining price for long distance service is: 8. All of the following are mechanisms which reduce the adverse selection problem except ____. 9. In the long-run, firms in a monopolistically competitive industry will 10. An â€Å"experience good† is one that: 11. The price for used cars is well below the price of new cars of the same general quality. This is an example of: 12. In the short-run for a purely competitive market, a manufacturer will stop production when: 13. Experience goods are products or services 14. Declining cost industries 15. In natural monopoly, AC continuously declines due to economies in distribution or in production, which tends to found in industries which face increasing returns to scale. If price were set equal to marginal cost, then: 16. When the cross elasticity of demand between one product and all other products is low, one is generally referring to a(n) ____ situation. 17. Regulatory agencies engage in all of the following activities except _______. 18. ____ as practiced by public utilities is designed to encourage greater usage and therefore spread the fixed costs of the utility’s plant over a larger number of units of output. 19. The practice by telephone companies of charging lower long-distance rates at night than during the day is an example of: 20. Some industries that have rigid prices. In those industries, we tend to 21. The existence of a kinked demand curve under oligopoly conditions may result in 22. Barometric price leadership exists when 23. A cartel is a situation where firms in the industry 24. Even ideal cartels tend to be unstable because 25. Some market conditions make cartels MORE likely to succeed in collusion. Which of the following will make collusion more successful?

Evaluation Of A Student For Special Education Essay

In order for a student to be eligible for special education services, the regular education teacher discovers that there is a problem. From there, a screening must take place. The screening can consist of hearing, vision, communication, and any other type that may be needed. Permission is not needed in order to do a screening. Next, Response to Intervention begins, also known as RTI. This provides levels or tiers of increasingly intensive instruction to help students master academic content. Tier 1 takes place in a regular classroom setting. Tier 2 involves and allows the student to go out to a specialty teacher. Tier 3 mainly takes place in a special education classroom. Tier 3 requires more one-on-one instruction for the student from the teacher. RTI serves two purposes- support struggling learners and identify students with learning disabilities. Parents are invited to take part in their child’s RTI process. Other school professionals also take part during the RTI process to meet the child needs. Research Based Interventions are used during the RTI process. Data is gathered during the RTI process on a regular basis. After a few weeks, the team meets again to determine how beneficial the interventions are for the child. If RTI is working, it is continued, if RTI is not working, a meeting takes pla ce where the RTI data is presented. Then the referral process initiates. The referral process commences with an Admissions and Release Committee known as ARC. Here, the studentShow MoreRelatedEssay1706 Words   |  7 PagesSpecial Education A. The six key components are as follows: 1. Zero Reject/FAPE: This says that all children ages 6-17, no matter what their physical/mental ability, are guaranteed the right to a free public education. 2. Nondiscriminatory Identification and Evaluation: This was put into place so that a child could not be placed into special education because of things such as a language barrier. Because of this component, for example, a child would not be assessed in English ifRead MoreThe Individuals With Disabilities Education Act1535 Words   |  7 PagesDISABILITIES EDUCATION ACT (IDEA) IDEA is the main law addressing the education of children and adolescents with disabilities. It ensures all individuals with disabilities between the ages of 3−21 the right to a free, appropriate public education (FAPE), regardless of the nature or severity of the disability. Schools must therefore provide services to meet the particular educational needs arising from a disabling condition that cannot be met in the general educational program. THE NATURE OF SPECIAL EDUCATIONRead MoreThe Importance Of A Child s Race Essay1370 Words   |  6 Pagesmisidentified as needing special education. Disproportionality refers to the overrepresentation and under- representation of particular demographic groups in special education programs in relation to the overall student population (Disproportionality, 2008). Disproportionality can impact and have negative effects on a child throughout their entire education. This issue applies to various subgroups, but this paper will focus specifically on the overrepresentation of minority students, African AmericansRead MoreEvaluation Of A Formal Referral1691 Words   |  7 Pagesis in need of special education services, a written request must be sent to the Child Study Team and it is treated as a formal referral. School district personnel, such as a child’s teacher, may suspect, through classroom observations, that a child may have a disability and can make a referral to the child study team. Within 20 calendar days of receiving a referral, the complete child study team must hold a meeting with the parent and the student’s teacher to determine if an evaluation is warrantedRead MoreKey Legislation Governing Special Education819 Words   |  4 PagesKey Legislation Governing Special Education The three key legislations governing special education that affect special education are the Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA), Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, and Americans with Disabilities Act. These legislations work together to protect people with disabilities. The Individuals with Disabilities Act is a federal law that protects the educational rights of children with disabilities. Within The Individuals with Disabilities ActRead MoreSan Bernardino City Unified School District858 Words   |  4 Pagesthe largest populations for students with moderate to severe disabilities within the Inland Empire. Over the past decade San Bernardino City Unified School District (SBCUSD) has sustained an influx of students who qualify for a moderate to severe special day classroom (SDC) setting and special education services. Effectively educating youth with moderate to severe disabilities is not a simplex task, as it requires multifaceted skillsets involving various spe cial education professionals. DevelopingRead MoreSpecial Education For All Handicapped Children Act1449 Words   |  6 PagesSpecial Education A first grader sits in class and finds a toy car in his pocket, the teacher calls his name with no response, the little boy is now in trouble for not paying attention. In the classroom down the hall a little girl in kindergarten can’t stay in her seat long enough to finish her drawing in art class. Each of these students will most likely go through all thirteen years of public school struggling to concentrate and intellectually compete with their peers. If something as simpleRead MoreTeaching Strategies And Delivery Instruction969 Words   |  4 PagesOver the course of time education, general and special, has soared to meet the needs of all students. To ensure they all receive the free and appropriate education due to them. However, some time ago many exceptional children were overlooked because of their disability, but the IDEA Act has made it possible for children of all exceptionalities to receive services. These programs have designed for those students who are exempli fy traits and might be physically, socially, emotionally disturbed, orRead MoreSpecial Education For Students With Disabilities1466 Words   |  6 PagesSpecial Education in early childhood classrooms are a privilege for students. Parents or guardians need to be educated on the special education laws, referrals, and evaluation process. As educators we need to advocate to parents or guardians that special education is not a location, but a service to help children reach their full potential in the classroom and as a citizen of society. The earlier the intervention for a child the greater the chance the child will succeed. The United States hasRead MoreChanneling Students Into Special Services774 Words   |  4 PagesChanneling Students into Special Services In our school system many of our students need to enroll in a special education program (IEP) for one reason or another. A teacher has to know her student well in order for this process to take place. The teacher needs to be an advocate, and initiate the order of steps that will get this student into the (IEP). The first thing that needs to be done is a letter is written to the school counselor. This letter should give reference to

Peter Singers Argument in Famine, Affluence and Morality

This paper explores Peter Singer’s argument, in Famine, Affluence, and Morality, that we have morally required obligations to those in need. The explanation of his argument and conclusion, if accepted, would dictate changes to our lifestyle as well as our conceptions of duty and charity, and would be particularly demanding of the affluent. In response to the central case presented by Singer, John Kekes offers his version, which he labels the and points out some objections. Revisions of the principle provide some response to the objections, but raise additional problems. Yet, in the end, the revisions provide support for Singer’s basic argument that, in some way, we ought to help those in need. Singer presents his argument specifically in†¦show more content†¦I ought to prevent the bad because the mere presence of others does not lessen my duty. The inactions of others have no bearing on what I must do. And, every person in this case has an equal obligation to save the child’s life. The next premise relates to our individual obligation to give and is derived from the following: Given the equal obligation noted above, everyone should give his or her fair share. If everyone donates appropriately to famine relief in Africa, I would have no reason to give more than my fair share. But, in reality, this is not the case, so I must give more than my fair share to meet my obligation and I ought to give as much a possible up to the point of negative personal consequences to save as many lives as I can. This provides a foundation for premise three (P3) - Accepting the three premises seems to require us to reconsider the meaning of charity and duty. The obligation to give as much as we can becomes a matter of duty not charity. This upends the notion where charitable giving to those in need is praiseworthy, but failure is not to be condemned. By the force of Singer’s argument, failure to give is wrong because we must do everything in our power to direct every extra resource to those suffering from death and starvation. This changes our conception of giving from optional to obligatory. For example, it would wrong to buy a new shirt or enjoy a fine meal instead of giving to famine relief. Singer’s conclusion is simply ThisShow MoreRelatedI.Introduction. Famine Is A Highly Prevalent And Debated1106 Words   |  5 PagesI. Introduction Famine is a highly prevalent and debated topic. Written in November 1971, Peter Singer’s â€Å"Famine, Affluence, and Morality† addresses famine as a moral issue. Peter Singer, as a Professor of Bioethics at Princeton University, focuses on ethics and moral values, and with his text, I will analyze this moral dilemma and show that the reasonable and well-thought Peter Singer’s argument is successful. II. Peter Singer’s Argument Peter Singer begins by laying out two basic premises: 1.Read MoreThe Problem of Poverty in Famine, Affluence, and Morality by Peter Singer1112 Words   |  5 Pages Peter Singer is often regarded as one of the most productive and influential philosophers of modern times. He is well-known for his discussions of the acute social, economic, and political issues, including poverty and famines. In his â€Å"Famine, Affluence, and Morality†, Singer (1972) discusses the problem of poverty and hunger, as well as the way this problem is treated in the developed world. Singer believes that charity is inseparable from morality, and no distinction can be drawn between charityRead MoreFamine, Affluence and Morality1663 Words   |  7 PagesSinger’s Famine, Affluence, and Morality Ametra Heard PHI208 Ethics and Moral Reasoning Instructor Zummuna Davis January 14, 2013 Singer’s Famine, Affluence, and Morality In the Peter Singer’s article â€Å"Famine, Affluence, and Morality†, he discusses the way that people should take moral in their help toward the support of the Bengal famine crisis. Singer states three obligations that would help the Bengal region through the means of a wealthy person, and those individuals living life on a dayRead Moresociety poverty has various definitions that lack the true picture that poverty depicts. Dictionary500 Words   |  2 Pagesreflected in Peter Singer’s â€Å"Famine, Affluence and Morality† essay and the opposing essay written by John Arthur in â€Å"World hunger and moral obligation: the case against Singer.† Peter Singer raises the question of poverty and our obligations toward it in his essay â€Å"Famine, Affluence, and Morality†. In the essay, Singer addresses the question of what obligations we have toward those around the globe who are suffering from lack of food, shelter or basic needs. Singer uses the terms ‘relieving famine,’ butRead MorePhi 208- Peter Singer1214 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Famine, Affluence, and Morality† In Peter Singer’s 1972 article titled â€Å"Famine, Affluence and Morality†, he suggests that wealthy nations have an ethical duty to contribute much more than they do to other nations who are suffering through a natural disaster, extreme poverty, famine or other issues. In this paper, I will describe Singers objective and give his argument with regards to this issue. I will describe three counter-arguments to Singer’s view which he addresses, and after that revealRead MoreMorality of Giving Essays1074 Words   |  5 Pageswould say that although it is a good thing to do, one is not obligated to give anything. Other people would say that if a person has more than he needs, then he should donate a portion of what he has. Peter Singer, however, proposes a radically different view. His essay, â€Å"Famine, Affluence, and Morality,† focuses on the Bengal crisis in 1971 and claims that one is morally obligated to give as much as possible. His thesis supports t he idea that â€Å"We ought to give until we reach the level of marginal utilityRead MorePHI 208 Week 2 assignment Essay1302 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Famine, Affluence, and Morality PHI 208 Ethics and Moral Reasoning Famine, Affluence, and Morality In Peter Singer’s 1972 post titled â€Å"Famine, Affluence and Morality†, he conveys that wealthy nations, for example the United States, has an ethical duty to contribute much a lot more than we do with regards to worldwide assistance for famine relief and/or other disasters or calamities which may happen. In this document, I will describe Singers objectiveRead MoreDefense Of Singer s Shallow Pond Argument881 Words   |  4 PagesIn Defense of Singer’s Shallow Pond Argument Peter Singer is known in philosophy for many different writings, one of them being his â€Å"Famine, Affluence, and Morality† which includes his shallow pond argument. Many philosophers have argued against his shallow pond argument and for it, for many different reasons. In Singer’s â€Å"Famine, Affluence, and Morality†, he describes how he believes everyone’s approach to global poverty should be. He starts by describing how people in many places in the worldRead MoreFamine, Affluence, And Morality1555 Words   |  7 Pagesexperiencing famine, deaths and diseases in poor countries. However, the moral necessity of doing so has been controversial in human’s society for years. One philosopher named Peter Singer gives his opinion in the article â€Å"Famine, Affluence, and Morality†, and presents a powerful argument supporting his claim. In this essay, I will explain his conclusion and main argument, propose one objection to his argument, and evaluate the validity of my objection by considering possible response that Peter SingerRead MoreEssay on Duty versus Charity: Why a Distinction is Essential1256 Words   |  6 Pages1970’s, the South Asian region of East Bengal (then East Pakistan, now the country of Ban gladesh) was undergoing a severe famine, due to rampant poverty, a civil war and frequent cyclones. The lack of overseas help to this impoverished region was probably what triggered Peter Singer to write the article Famine, Affluence and Morality, wherein he claims that world hunger and famine can be prevented and possibly eradicated if everyone in the wealthy nations did their bit to help the sufferers monetarily

Biology And Reading Comprehension Exams - 943 Words

At the start and finish of a school year, a group of Italian third- and fifth-grade students with diverse sociocultural levels underwent two studies in which their concurrent and predictive validities of the Naglieri Nonverbal Ability Test (NNAT) and Raven’s Colored Progressive Matrices (CPM) were investigated. The focus of the studies was on their math and reading comprehension exams. The NNAT study is a â€Å"nonverbal measure of general ability... intended to assess cognitive ability independently of linguistic and cultural background.† (1 Pearson) The CPM study is also a nonverbal test but, conversely, it measures the subjects’ reasoning abilities. These nonverbal studies were helpful in presenting meaningful data for forecasting the academic performance of students with diverse sociocultural levels. The studied group consisted of 253 participants. The participants’ characteristics were the following: (1) their average age was 9.4 years (with a standard deviation of 1.1 years of age), (2) 130 were female and 123 were male, and (3) 126 were in the third-grade and 127 were in the fifth-grade. Their Family Cultural Status (FCS) characteristics were the following: (A) Low: consisting of 86 participants (34% of the total pool of subjects)— (1) their average age was 9.5 years (with a standard deviation of 1.0 years of age), (2) 38 were female and 48 were male, and (3) 39 were in the third-grade and 47 were in the fifth-grade; (B) Moderate: consisting of 97 participants (38% of theShow MoreRelatedA Career in Surgery1246 Words   |  5 Pages When performing a sur ¬Ã‚ ¬gery, the surgeon is the main doctor in charge (Ferguson 28). â€Å"Becoming a surgeon can involve up to 14 years of study and training† (Ferguson 28). To become a surgeon, one should take biology, chemistry, health, mathematics, and English in high school (28). Biology or chemistry is a good college major if one is planning to become a surgeon when they are older (28). While in college, one will take the Medical College Admissions Test (28). Surgeons must graduate from an accreditedRead MoreEvaluation Of Organizational Performance And Processes1142 Words   |  5 Pagescollect date from the Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction and from WSIPC’s (Washington School Information Processing Cooperative) My School Data. OSPI’s data gives us the overall of how our students perform on the End of Course exams in math and Biology. WSIPC’s My School Data gives us the ability to analyze student test scores, overall grades in all coursework from grades K-12, and view behavioral and health information that might be pertinent to a student’s overall achievement. We canRead MoreLiving Well In the Life of a Pharmacist864 Words   |  4 PagesBecoming a pharmacist is a very time consuming process. Students must complete all of the pre-pharmacy requirements, take licensure exams, and finally get into and graduate from an accredited pharmacy school with a Doctor of Pharmacy degree. While that might not sound like a lot, it takes eight years of hard work. A lot of undergraduates journey into the field with visions of dollar signs floating in their heads. Then they start taking their pre-pharmacy courses and decide that maybe becoming a pharmacistRead MoreChristmas Is A Sacred Festival Of The Christians And A Traditional Holiday For Atheists921 Words   |  4 Pagesactivities during this break and carrying them out in effective and logical steps. It also improves my results and performance in the next study. During this break I have to finish a biology report and a National Health Service (NHS) booklet before the college opening day. I also prepare for university entrance assessment exam and interview. My goal is scoring the highest mark in both assignments and to master the interview skills in order to maintain my grade in university required level. Some alterationsRead MoreScience High School Entrance Exam Tips2303 Words   |  10 PagesEntrance Exam: Math Portion Tips and Coverage As a wide-eyed student trying to apply for a slot in a good high school, I tended to struggle through the mathematics portions of entrance exams.   Looking back, I think I would’ve appreciated some advanced warning regarding the test coverage. The good news is that this help is now available to you.   Think of the guidelines below as ideas on what you can expect during science high school entrance tests and some tips on how you can do well on the exam. HalfRead MoreReflection Essay1152 Words   |  5 Pagesbusiness major and sitting in a office my whole life, and accounting, because I despise math. During my thinking process, I utilized what subjects I enjoyed in high school that I’d like to learn more about in college. I came to a conclusion that Biology and Chemistry are my interests and I want to keep following the study of them. To be truthfully honest, I was inspired by the show â€Å"Grey’s Anatomy† to become and doctor because of how fast paced everything was and just working with patients and lettingRead MoreMy Career Path to Become a Licensed Physical Therapist1009 Words   |  4 Pagesinto graduate school include receiving a baccalaureate degree from an accredited university, a minimum grade point average of 3.0 in all math and science prerequisite courses, along with a minimum of a C in statistics, anatomy, physiology, advanced biology and English, public speaking, chemistry, psychology, and physic s. Other admission requirements for students include a minimum of 60 hours of internships or work experience under the supervision of a licensed physical therapist and a combined scoreRead MoreFailure As A Learning Process2572 Words   |  11 Pagesan adult, have served as a foundation for future successes. I was born in a Spanish-speaking household, so I entered pre-school only knowing Spanish. I constantly struggled in my first few years of school, because I was always behind in reading and comprehension. I failed most of my kinder-garden evaluations and I got to the point where I was in serious danger of failing kinder-garden. I remember internalizing my failures in school, especially when I compared my performance to others around me. IRead MoreOn October 4, 1957, the Soviet Union generated the space race by successfully launching the world’s2300 Words   |  10 PagesRussell, Hancock and McCullough research expresses the outcomes of two international exams that test American youths in science and mathematics, â€Å"Trends in International Mathematics and Science (TIMSS) and the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) shows that the United States youth have fallen behind other developed countries in their abilities in science and math† (78). The U.S. scor es on the TIMSS exam shows that our students are scoring somewhat above the international median in 4thRead MoreDynamic Learning Program1901 Words   |  8 PagesCentral Visayan Institute Foundation Jagna, Bohol 6308 Philippines Central Visayan Institute Foundation In Jagna, Bohol, Philippines The original CVIF strategic plan (circa 1999) †¢ Focus on outcomes indexed by real numbers: UPCAT passers, national exams and, if possible, international behavioral standards and assessments. †¢ Leapfrog with increased math proficiency, then do broadfront with language and science. Early roadblocks †¢ Poor facilities †¢ Lack of qualified teachers †¢ Lack of funds †¢ Prevailing

Corporate Governance in the Organization

Question: Describe the following points? 1) A brief description of the organisation and its background/industry. This description should be a short section only. 2) An outline of the bases or criteria for the review of the organisations governance. For example, mention which standards or guiding principles are relevant for the review, discuss their importance and why it is appropriate for you to use them. 3) A critical review of the organisations governance applying the relevant concepts, principles, standards or other tools and techniques learnt during this subject, in accordance with your discussion above. 4) A list of recommendations for suggested improvement based on your review. The recommendations should only be a short section in the overall report. Answer: Introduction Corporate Governance has become one of the most important factors in the organization for taking competitive advantage and also improving the economy of the nation (Mohamad, n.d.). A good corporate governance helps the organization to improve their brand reputation and also improve their organizational performance that becomes more beneficiary to stakeholders, shareholders, customers and suppliers of the organization. However, a poor corporate governance, have a negative impact on the financial performance and also reputation of the organization. Organizations that effectively follow the legislative norms properly, remain out of ethical issues and thus, execute better performance(Christensen, Kent and Stewart, 2010). This report highlights the corporate issues faced by HIH Insurance, a public listed company in Australia. Due to this issue, the organizations performance has been criticized publically. This paper investigates lack of proper corporate governance policies and procedures had led to the demise of HIH Insurance. Background of the organization HIH Insurance was founded by Ray Williams in the year 1968, later on in the year 1971,it was acquired by the British organization named CE Health PLC. HIH was an Australian based public listed organization. Before, 2001, it was ranked as the second largest organization in Australian general insurance sector and covered various areas like the private or public liability, workers compensation, commercial or industrial insurance. However, on 15th March 2001, put into temporary liquidation. It had an aggregate loss of about $A5.3 billion as the consequences of over-optimistic asset valuation and high under-estimation of its liabilities, which resulted into the greatest corporate fall in history of Australian (Hih.com.au, 2013). Criteria for the review of the organisations governance The term corporate governance can be defined as the obligation and rights structures between the stakeholders in the association (Aoki, 2001). Viable corporate governance is the component to verify that the employees of the organization compliments the privileges of the partners of the organization furthermore verify that the partners are acting dutifully concerning distribution, generation and assurance of the wealth of the organization. Poor corporate governance can lead to high dangers, unpredictability and low rate of return furthermore degenerate practices. According to Brown and Caylor (2004) organizations with weak corporate enactment to be less secure than organizations with stronger corporate impact. The purpose behind such poor corporate impact is indiscreet corporate influential practices that have tremendous cost on the reputation of the organization financers, buyers and different partners in this way raising the cost of capital and hurting other stakeholders of the orga nization (Tricker, 2009). The principles based on which the HIH Insurance will be reviewed are as follows: Financial Reporting: Financial reporting along with good corporate governance is a key drive towards development of the economy. Thus, a proper financial reporting system should give all the necessary information about the organization and its financial performance to its stakeholders and shareholders. This system should always be reliable, free from predisposition and ought to empower correlation on the premise proper standard benchmarks (Tricker, 2012). An organization's financial reporting give different monetary data that speculators and leasers utilization to assess an organization's financial execution. Financial explanations are additionally critical to an organization's supervisors in light of the fact that by distributed monetary articulations, administration can correspond with intrigued outside gatherings about its achievement running the organization. Therefore, it requires a suitable financial reporting framework that consolidates standards of accounting and reflects a h ealthy financial performance of the organization while guaranteeing lawfully enforceable responsibility. Composition of Board: As defined through the framework of corporate governance, the board actually makes sure transparency, fairness and accountability to maintain proper relationship with the stakeholders. Therefore, the board plays a key role in the mechanism of corporate governance (Tricker, 2012). The board is in charge of guaranteeing that the enterprise has decently characterized and secured shareholder rights, a strong control environment, elevated amounts of straightforwardness and exposure, and keeps the diversions of the organization and those of all shareholders aligned1. The board is in charge of coordinating and controlling the matter of its organization and is responsible to shareholders for its execution. According to the Code of Corporate Governance of UK, a board and its committee should comprise of directors with the fitting parity of aptitudes, experience, autonomy and learning of the organization to empower it to release its obligations and obligations successfully (out-law.com, 2010). A board that comprises of executives with a various set of utilitarian ability (promoting, designing, money, and so forth.) industry experiences, instructive capabilities, ethnic and sex blend may be better outfitted to manage a wide scope of issues confronting the firm and furnish officials with counsel and discussion from numerous points of view Committee Composition: The committee of corporate governance mainly comprises of compensation committee and audit committee. They also play a vital role like directors in corporate governance. They mainly emphasize on supervising matters of corporate administration for the board, including forming and prescribing administration standards and arrangements (out-law.com, 2010). As its name infers, this panel is accused of upgrading the nature of chosen people to the board and guaranteeing the honesty of the choosing methodology. Further, their part is to screen the honesty of the organization's monetary articulations and declarations; to audit interior budgetary controls and (unless there is a different danger panel) hazard administration frameworks; to screen and audit the inner review capacity; to prescribe the arrangement or substitution of outside examiners and to survey the adequacy of their work; to create and execute approach on the utilization of the examiners for non-review adm inistrations. Remuneration: Executives' compensation is of authentic concern to the shareholders. They are qualified for expect that compensation will be 'sufficient to pull in and hold the executives expected to run the organization effectively'; and that 'the compensation of official executives ought to connection rewards to corporate and individual execution'. Hence, the remuneration advisory group ought to be specifically in charge of the pay of chiefs. This will give the advisory group a more prominent control more than an organization's pay rehearses. Moreover, the compensation advisory group ought to have oversight of compensation arrangement all through the business; however it will just set pay bundles for the most senior staff (Rogers, n.d.). Critical review of the organisations governance According to the annual report of HIH, 2000, before the collapse, the organization had net assets of $900million, total assets of $8.0billion, overall liabilities of $7.1billion and gross premium revenue of $2.8million. The main reason behind the collapse of HHI in the year 2001 was aggressive management style, running behind new businesses and also biasness towards the investment market (Cheng and Seeger, 2012). Further inconvenience emerged from distribution being over-dependent on broker business that was quite sensitive in nature. Issues related to cash flows also added to a tumble off in specialist business and troubles in offering auxiliaries to raise money. Further, according to the report of Royal Commissioner, Justice Neville Owen, the group faced this collapse due to inadequate saves against future cases. There was an absence of due process, an absence of breaking points on power, an absence of autonomous basic examination, an absence of management of irreconcilable situation, and an absence of information to the board and appropriate accounting policies and procedures. Additionally, the organization dealt with consistent divulgence, including the independence of the auditor, presentation of individual obligation for breach; standards of accounting; expensing of alternatives; compliance controls; and support of more prominent shareholder investment at different meetings. He also identified that the middle managers had made strides that brought about the distortion of the organization's records or returns held up with statutory powers. In a few cases, he watched, the current law did not achieve the moderate behaviour. Based on the above discussion, the HHI issues will be further detailed based on four areas discussed above, financial reporting, board structure, committee composition and remuneration. Financial Reporting: The financial report of HHI did not involve an evaluation of a substance's capacity to proceed to work as a going concern. The firm likewise neglected to manage various accounting irregularities. As per Royal Commission, it neglected to represent future pay tax reductions, conceded procurement costs, conceded data innovation expenses and goodwill. As indicated by his supposition, reviewer neglected to get sufficient proper confirmation under AUS 502 and should have issued a qualified sentiment (The Sydney Morning Herald, 2005). The official additionally watched issues of translation of accounting norms, selection of global accounting guidelines from 1 January 2005, and the requirement for the Australian Accounting Standards Board and its Urgent Issues Group to be better ready to give opportune exhortation on troublesome translation issues. Overall these issues was that consistence with accounting norms, while a necessity of the Corporations Act, did not associate with the privileged obligation under the Act for the records to give a genuine and reasonable perspective (seiofbluemountain.com, 2010). Board Structure: The HIH Board structure mainly included two founders one is Ray William an later on after his resignation; Rodney Adler was on the board. Ray William resigned from his managing director position on December 2000, just before the collapse, with severance agreement of worth $A5 million. However, both the board members were equally responsible for this financial catastrophe faced by the organization. Both the board members followed some unethical practices that ruined the organization. Due to their illegal and unethical behaviour, HIH had to face such a crisis. This implied that HIH had bungled its key business operations. The collapse specifically had negatively impacted on the stakeholders who needed insurance from unforeseen cataclysms however rather were cleared out with useless protection. After proper investigation by the Royal commission it was reported that Ray Williams pleaded for three different criminal charges (Alberici, 2004): Neglecting to legitimately practice his duties as directors, deluding investors in a yearly report by exaggerating the HIH benefit by $92 million and excluding a critical information about the organization trying to raise cash from general people Also, in the year 2005, April, it was reported that executive Rodney Adler was sentenced for 4.5 years penitentiary for three criminal accusations, which included (Blackman, 2013): Two counts of dispersing information even though, he knew that the information was false One count of getting cash by false or deluding proclamation One count for deliberately being exploitative and neglecting to release his obligations as director in compliance with common decency and to the greatest advantage of the HIH Committee Composition: The HIH committee mainly included three members in the Audit committee, Arthur Andersen as directors and two non-executives Justin Gardiner and Geoffrey Cohen and a finance director, Dominic Foder. Their main roles and responsibility was to keep keen observation on the financial performance of the organization in an ethical way. However, due their mismanagement, the organization had to see a huge loss. The lack of professional scepticism in these committee members has caused a huge loss to HIH (Watts, 2002). For Instance, before securing expenses brought about in getting and recording strategies of protection can be conceded and perceived as resources, they must be equipped for dependable estimation and must probably offer climb to premium income in consequent money related years. For this situation, Andersen did not work as for the recoverability of conceded obtaining expenses, depending rather, 'as an issue of expert judgment', upon HIH's recorded benefit, ma king lacking proof (ALLAN, 2006). Further, Dominic Fodera also was charged with 6 different criminal offences, which was however not disclosed related to this HIH Collapse. However, one of the spokewoman later on said that Fodera was due to four counts for misleading Section 1309(1) of the Corporations Act and two counts for dishonestly following the Section 232(2) of the Corporations Act (The Sydney Morning Herald, 2005). Remuneration: The governance of HIH is clearly taking into account stewardship for senior officials in light of the way that they are fit for moving cash to records of their picking. There was no proper disclosure of the remuneration given to the higher executives in HIH. This shows that there was lack of transparency with regards to the remuneration of directors also there is no such information related to the remuneration committee. The organization lacked in making proper remuneration committee that could have helped to have strong control on the directors action (Rogers, n.d.). Recommendation The main principle of corporate governance is to support the efficiency and transparency of the business sector and to bolster the principle of law. Specifically, they are concerned with the definition and implementation of shareholder rights and the managers role, therefore harmonising organizations interests with the investors and also its surroundings. The below mentioned recommendations can help HHI to harness such good governance environment: HHI ought to create and reveal the separate parts and obligations of board and administration.a. Create the capacities held to the board and those appointed to senior officials and unveil those capacitiesb. Unveil the procedure for assessing the execution of senior administrators HHI should have a leading body of a successful creation, size and duty to enough release its obligations and obligations.a. A larger part of the board ought to be autonomous chiefs.b. The CEOs and chairmans role ought not be practiced by the same single personc. Th e board ought to make a designation council. HHI should create a set of accepted rules and uncover the codea. Create an policy concerning differing qualities and uncover the policy or a synopsis of that strategy. The approach ought to incorporate necessities for the board to create measurable destinations for accomplishing sex assorted qualities for the board to evaluate every year both the goals and advance in attaining to them HHI should have a structure to freely confirm and shield the uprightness of their financial reporting HHI should advance auspicious and adjusted divulgence of all material matters concerning the organizationa. Making a written policy can maintain compliance HHI should regard the privileges of shareholders and encourage the powerful practice of those rightsa. Outline a communications policy for effective correspondence with shareholders and empowering their investment at general gatherings and reveal their strategy or a rundown of that approach. HHI should se cure a sound arrangement of risk oversight and administration and inward controla. The board ought to oblige administration to outline and execute the danger administration and inward control framework to deal with the organization's material business risks and report to it on whether those risks are being overseen viably. The board ought to unveil that administration has answered to it as to the viability of the organization's administration of its material business risks. HHI should guarantee that the level and creation of compensation is sufficient and sensible also that its relationship to execution is clear. Conclusion This report discusses the governance issues faced by HHI and how it has affected the performance of the organization. From, this report, it is clear that corporate governance should be enclosed under proper ethical standards, as the corporate world and the consumers are more concerned about the ethics code and practices. Following proper business ethics helps every organization to build up good relation with shareholders and the stakeholders. This report highlights the governance issue of HHI in four different areas, financial reporting, board structure, committee composition and remuneration. Analysing these four areas helps to understand the importance of these factors in corporate governance. Before concluding this report, the author gives some recommendations to improve the corporate governance practice that can help HHI to overcome this issue. References Aoki, M. (2001). Toward a comparative institutional analysis. 1st ed. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. Alberici, E. (2004). 7.30 Report - 15/12/2004: Ray Williams and HIH: The Inside Story. [online] Abc.net.au. 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